Isaiah Espinoza

Wall washers are commonly used to highlight architectural elements and artwork, which adds depth and dimension to a space. These fixtures offer a wide beam angle(100-120 degrees) to spread light over large areas. Wall washers are known for their versatility, which makes them suitable for commercial centers, residential spaces, and outdoor lighting. Color temperature between 2700K to 4000K is important for creating the desired mood and highlighting the specific content. What are the Key Features of Well Washers Feature Description Purpose Used to uplight trees, walls, sculptures, and architectural elements from ground level. Light Placement Installed in-ground, flush with the surface, for a seamless and hidden lighting effect. Light Direction Provides upward illumination with wide or narrow beam angles for targeted lighting. Light Source Uses energy-efficient LEDs for longevity and minimal maintenance. Design Enclosed fixture built to be buried underground with a protective glass or lens cover. Durability Constructed from corrosion-resistant materials like brass, stainless steel, or composite. Waterproof Rating Typically IP67 or higher, suitable for wet locations and ground moisture. Adjustability Some models allow internal aiming adjustments to fine-tune light direction. Installation Requires proper drainage and a PVC or composite well sleeve to protect wiring and housing. Use Cases Perfect for tree uplighting, wall washing, garden accents, and driveway edges. Table of Contents What Materials Are Wall Washers Made Of? Here are the four materials used for wall washers: Aluminum: Aluminium is lightweight and corrosion-resistant, making it good for outdoor area use. The thermal conductivity determines the heat dissipation property. Aluminium’s thermal conductivity is 160-220 W/mK, which means it offers a higher heat dissipation rate. It is frequently used in heat sinks and housing due to this property. It maintains optimal operating temperatures and extends the lifetime of the light source. Stainless Steel: The durability and resistance to harsh weather make it suitable for use in wall washers. Stainless steel AISI 316Ln is recommended due to its high tensile strength and ability to withstand temperatures up to 1200 °C. Tempered Glass Lenses: These lenses shield the LEDs from impact, moisture, and dust, and also maintain high transparency(up to 90%) for maximum light output. Their heat-treated structure makes them 4 to 5 times stronger than regular glass, which ensures durability in both indoor and outdoor environments.  Plastic: Polycarbonate offers impact resistance and UV stability, commonly used in budget-friendly or residential step lights. Plastic fixtures are able to withstand temperatures up to 70°C without warping. Though it’s less durable than metal in harsh conditions, it is suitable for indoor use and mild outdoor conditions. What are the Types of Wall Washers Here are seven types of wall washers: Linear LED Wall Washers: These fixtures provide seamless light distribution on facades, hallways, and building exteriors. Linear LED wall washers spread light across a wide area unlike spotlights, which focus only on chosen points. Premium LED wall washers provide illumination along the entire length(up to 4 feet), preventing dark or bright spots. These models also let you adjust the beam angles(e.g., 10°, 30°, 60°), so as to control how wide or narrow the light spreads on the wall or facade.  Recessed Wall Washers: Integrated into walls, ceilings, or floors to create a clean, unobtrusive lighting effect. Unlike surface-mounted options, recessed wall washers hide the housing completely, which leaves only the light visible. They are ideal for modern interiors where minimal design is essential, delivering smooth, even illumination without cluttering the space.  RGB/RGBW Washers: These wall washers use red, green, blue, and white LEDs to create vibrant color effects and smooth transitions. They are widely used to illuminate design elements, events, and display boards. Advanced models of these washers support DMX(digital multiplex) control, which allows precise color mixing and programmable lighting sequences for dramatic impact. An IP66/IP67 rating is recommended for harsh conditions to safe the lights from dust and water in outdoor areas.  Track-Mounted Washers: Fixtures that install on adjustable tracks, allow flexible positioning(tilt and rotation), and easy re-aiming without the need for rewiring. They are ideal for spaces like galleries, showrooms, or retail stores where lighting requirements frequently change.  Surface-Mounted Fixtures: These fixtures are easy to install and maintain as they attach directly to the ceiling or wall. Surface-mounted fixtures also come in powder-coated aluminium, which enhances durability and a sleek finish. Their beam angle lies between 30°- 60°, which provides smooth wall coverage without needing a complex setup. Adjustable Wall Washers: Mostly used for highlighting textures, columns, or artwork due to their pivoting head, which allows for directing lights exactly where needed. Adjustable wall washers offer a beam angle between 10° to 45° and rotate up to 180°. The color temperatures range from 3000K to 4000K for accurate light blowout. Mini or Micro Wall Washers: These are compact fixtures designed for smooth lighting in niches, small spaces, or shelves. Despite their small size, they offer 200-500 lumens and a beam angle of 20°-40° for precise lighting. What are the Power Source Options for Wall Washers Here are six power source options for wall washers: Low Voltage (12V/24V):  Low-voltage fixtures pair with LED lights for enhanced functionality. The LED lights last for 50,000+ hours and decreases the danger of electrical hazards in moist environments. These systems run on 12V or 24V DC, which makes them highly energy-efficient and safe for outdoor use. Line Voltage (120V–277V): These systems deliver high power without needing a separate transformer, mostly preferred in commercial areas. They are commonly used with high-output LED wall washers for facades or tall structures. They also support dimming controls for precise lighting management. Solar-Powered: These fixtures integrate with solar panels to charge during the day, and they power LEDs at night. These fixtures are ideal for remote or low-traffic outdoor areas. Rechargeable lithium batteries are used in these systems, which last for 6–10 hours on a full charge. But their performance relies on the presence of sunlight. Hardwired Systems: These systems offer a permanent and reliable power source for high-output lighting, as they connect directly to the main electrical wiring. They

Step lights are low-profile, well-mounted lighting fixtures that are used to illuminate stairs and steps. These lights aid in safety and aesthetic appeal, both indoors and outdoors. The soft, diffused light outlines the stairs, reducing the risks of accidents and falls. Step lights are used to design side walls, under-stair treads, or vertical risers. Modern steplights utilize LED technology, which reduces energy usage and enhances their lifespan and performance. Outdoor step lights are chosen based on their durability and resistance to weather like rain, heat, and moisture.  Steplights, like other low-voltage fixture lights, require a dedicated transformer to step down the standard voltage (120V or 230V) to 12V, 4V, or 16V. Their brightness needs to be sufficient for visibility, typically 100 or 200 lumens, without being too harsh.  What are the Key Features of Step Lights Feature Description Purpose Designed to illuminate staircases, steps, and pathways to enhance safety and visibility. Light Distribution Provides low-glare, downward-facing light to avoid blinding and ensure subtle illumination. Design Compact and sleek design; available in recessed, surface-mounted, or wall-integrated styles. Light Source Typically uses LED for energy efficiency, long life, and cool operation. Material Built with durable, corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel, brass, or aluminum. Color Temperature Warm white (2700K–3000K) is commonly used for soft, inviting ambiance. Power Options Available in low-voltage (12V), line-voltage (120V), or solar-powered configurations. Installation Can be installed in concrete, wood, stone, or masonry steps; requires proper housing and wiring. Weather Resistance Rated for outdoor use, typically IP65 or higher for protection from rain, dust, and debris. Use Cases Ideal for stairways, deck steps, retaining walls, and transitions between landscape levels. Table of Contents What are the Types of Step Lights Here are three types of step lights: Recessed Step Lights: These step lights are designed to install directly into stair risers, walls, or low-level surfaces. Recessed step lights are made from durable materials like aluminum or stainless steel, which ensures resistance against corrosion, moisture, dust, and lasts longer(20 to 50 years). These are designs so that the fixture itself disappears into the surface, but provides enough glow to be visually appealing. Modern recessed step lights are available with smart features(to be controlled using an app or voice) and color temperature options. LED brick lights, Puck-style lights, louvered step lights, and trimless recessed lights are preferred due to their ability to sit flush within the wall or step, which reduces the tripping hazards. Recessed step lights repair is more difficult compared to surface-mounted ones, as it requires accessing the wall or step structure to fix wiring or replace the fixture. Surface-Mounted Step Lights: These fixtures are used to be installed onto the surface and slightly protrude from the surface to spread light across the steps. ABS, polycarbonate, or brass is used to prepare surface-mounted step lights. These materials last longer(10 to 20 years), thus making the fixtures suitable for both outdoor and indoor use. Surface-mounted step lights reduce fall risks by up to 60% in low-light areas. These fixtures are commonly used in homes, gardens, decks, and commercial walkways. LED Strip Step Lighting: LED strips are usually installed under stair nosing or along stair edges to create a uniform glow. These step lights are light and low-profile, easily bent to fit different stair designs. LED strip step lights are highly energy efficient, as they consume 4 to 10 watts per meter. The strips are usually enclosed in silicone or PVC channels for protection and a clean finish. These are available in multiple color temperatures and even RGB options. Though they offer visually appealing steps, their adhesive backing requires reapplication or support clips to ensure long-term stability, especially in outdoor or humid conditions. What Materials are Used in Step Lights Here are the three materials typically used in step lights: Metal: The most widely used metals for step lights are aluminium, brass, and stainless steel. Aluminum is resistant to corrosion and lightweight, which makes it suitable for outdoor areas. Stainless steel offers a shiny finish and is able to withstand harsh weather and rusting. It is able to withstand temperatures varying from -20°C to over 100°C. Brass offers a premium look and also resists corrosion over time. These metals not only protect the step lights but also aid in heat dissipation, which extends the life(up to 50,000 hours) of the internal LED components. Plastic or Composite: Plastic or composite step lights are usually made from ABS, polycarbonate, or fiber-reinforced composites. Plastic materials are lightweight and budget-friendly compared to metals. While these fixtures are not durable and tough, but able to withstand UV rays and temperatures up to 80°C without warping. The plastic or composite-made lights are non-corrosive, which makes them a good fit for damp or coastal areas.  Tempered Glass or Acrylic Covers: These materials are used to shield the internal light source while ensuring smooth and even light distribution. Tempered glass is usually treated with heat for strength, which makes it 4 to 5 times stronger than regular glass. It resists cracks from impact and is able to handle temperature shifts up to 250°C without breaking. Acrylic is lighter and more flexible, offering high clarity and UV resistance, which makes it a safer option for outdoor or child-friendly areas. Both materials help reduce glare, protect LEDs from dust or moisture, and maintain consistent lighting over time. What are the Power Source Options for Step Lights Here are the four power source options for step lights: Hardwired Electric: The hardwired electric lights connect directly to the home’s circuit-based system. The power source offers stable, uninterrupted power and is able to last over 10 years with minimal maintenance. Hardwired electric step lights are ideal for permanent setups; they resist power fluctuations and perform efficiently in both indoor and outdoor conditions, even in extreme heat(85°F-120°F) or cold. Low-Voltage Wired (12V): These power sources operate on 12V through a step-down transformer; these lights offer safety in wet or landscaped areas and consume up to 80% less energy than standard mains-powered lights. They’re

Flood lights release a wide beam (ranging from  60º to 120º) of high-intensity artificial lighting fixtures to illuminate spaces like parking lots, sports fields, and building exteriors. Unlike spotlights, which focus on a small area, these floodlights illuminate large areas. The term “floodlight” is also due to its nature of flooding a large area with light. These lights are applicable in different settings like sports venues, building facades, security lighting, and construction sites. A normal floodlight lasts 15-20 years. Modern floodlights are based on LEDs, which last from 25,000 to 50,000 hours, offering a longer lifespan than traditional halogen lights. LED lights consume less energy than older lights, but still, they contribute to the electricity bill.  What are the Key Features of Floodlights Feature Description Beam Direction Emits a focused beam of light upward or at a specific angle to highlight architectural features, trees, or statues. Beam Angle Available in narrow (10°–30°), medium (30°–60°), or wide (60°+) angles depending on the area of focus. Light Intensity Typically high-intensity to emphasize focal points; adjustable brightness in some models. Mounting Style Installed in-ground, on walls, or with stakes; some are adjustable to change the beam direction. Light Source LED is common for energy efficiency and longevity; available in low-voltage or solar options. Material Made from durable, weatherproof materials like cast aluminum, brass, or stainless steel. Power Options Low-voltage wired systems are standard; solar uplights are available for easier installation. Color Temperature Warm white (2700K–3000K) for a cozy feel or cool white (4000K+) for vibrant, crisp illumination. Weather Resistance Built for outdoor use; often rated IP65 or higher for resistance to dust, rain, and moisture. Use Cases Ideal for highlighting trees, flagpoles, facades, columns, garden sculptures, and walls. Table of Contents What are the Materials Used in Floodlights Floodlights are made up of these three materials: Aluminum or Die-Cast Metal: Standard aluminum is lightweight, highly reflective, and five times more resistant to rust than untreated steel. The resistance is due to a thin oxide layer that forms in reaction with oxygen. It’s a good choice in areas where brightness and low weight matter most. Die-cast aluminum is preferred for durability, weather resistance, and rugged performance. It’s made through a high-pressure molding process that creates solid, uniform parts that don’t warp, crack, or loosen with time. Die-cast metal offers more resistance (between 3.4Nm-9.0Nm) than standard aluminum(between 0.9Nm-6.0Nm). LM9 (alloy of standard aluminium) absorbs 0.7Nm impact, but LM24 (alloy of die cast aluminum) absorbs up to 3.4Nm impact. Tempered Glass Lens: Tempered glass is strong, scratch-resistant and 4 to 5 times tougher than regular glass. This strength is due to the rapid heating and cooling during the manufacturing process, which builds internal tension. Tempered glass lenses are resistant to harsh weather, flying debris, and sudden impact. These lenses are able to handle thermal shocks up to 250°C and impact absorbance up to 1.6Nm, compared to 0.4Nm for regular glass. This makes it ideal for floodlights, landscape lighting, and fixtures near walkways or driveways. Plastic: Plastic lights are lightweight and budget-friendly, but they are not resistant to scratches and degrade faster under UV exposure. They’re suitable for temporary or low-impact fixtures, but they don’t offer the same long-term durability as tempered glass or polycarbonate. Most plastics absorb up to 0.3 Nm. of impact energy. Yellowing or cracking is common when exposed to the sun, rain, or heat. What are the Types of Floodlights Here are the five types of floodlights: LED Floodlights: These lights are known for high energy efficiency and long lifespan. They deliver bright, focused illumination but consume far less energy(30 watts) than traditional light systems(300 to 1000 watts). The minimal maintenance and less heat release make them a suitable choice for residential and commercial use. LED floodlights last up to 8-17 years, but the dimming system aids in this, too.  Halogen Floodlights: These floodlights produce bright and warm light, but LEDs are highly energy efficient compared to them. They also run hotter, which attracts insects and leads to higher electricity costs. They’re cheaper upfront and offer excellent color rendering, but their shorter lifespan and higher heat output make them less ideal for long-term outdoor use. Solar Floodlights: These lights are eco-friendly and run without any wiring, which makes them perfect for remote areas where there is no electricity access. These lights are powered by the sun, thus reducing electricity bills, but their brightness and runtime depend heavily on sunlight exposure. The typical solar floodlight lasts for 6-12 hours on full charge, but a high-quality model lasts up to 14 hours. In the areas with harsh winters, bringing the solar floodlights indoors extends their lifespan. Motion Sensor Floodlights: These smart lights turn on automatically when they detect any movement, adding a layer of security. Mostly passive infrared(PIR) sensors are used as they detect a change in infrared radiation, which is released by all objects with a temperature above absolute zero. Some of the floodlights also have a built-in timer that automatically turns ON and OFF after a set time, in case there’s no motion detected. These lights save energy contrast to other fixtures that remain ON the whole night.  Smart Floodlights: These lights are controlled using any app or voice(like Siri or Alexa) remotely. Bluetooth or wifi is used to handle the smart floodlights. Most of the models contain built-in microphones and speakers, which allow two-way communication through the floodlight. These lights consume more energy(10W-50W) than regular LEDs, but still less than halogen floodlights(150W–500W). How to Choose the Right Floodlights Consider following these five steps before choosing a floodlight: Purpose & Application: Figure out the purpose of lights, whether it is for home security, driveway visibility, or lighting up your garden. This helps to filter out the type of light. For example, Uplights work best for highlighting a garden or a tree, while wide-beam floodlights are useful for driveways and parking areas for enhanced security.  Brightness (Lumens): Lumens measure the brightness intensity of floologht. A small area like a backyard, garden path, or

Spotlights and uplights are outdoor lights used to highlight prominent features in the landscape or architectural designs. It uses a focused and narrow beam of light that is illuminated directly on a feature. This is best used to highlight the detailed features of a place, such as statues, textures, or entryways, and provide safety or visibility on walls, trees, or paths.  Spotlights are typically available with a narrow beam angle of 15 to 45 degrees, and this enables them to decorate only the required target without splashing excess light. This accuracy minimizes harsh glare and energy. They are excellent at making shadows, shapes, or focal points, which is perfect in contemporary gardens or buildings.  Uplights are a particular kind of spotlight that is set on the ground and directed upwards. They are used to light up the surface of a tree, sculpture, or column. When objects are lit from below, they provide dramatic depth and a feeling of scale. These lights are most effective in dark corners or in places where ordinary lights do not reach. Uplights are generally low-voltage LEDs that give up to 500 to 800 lumens (5-10 watts). Most of the uplights have weatherproof and sturdy housings, specifically designed to withstand moisture, mud, and dust as a long-term outdoor solution. What are the Key Features of Spotlights/Uplights Feature Description Design Typically low-profile fixtures with a dome, cone, or mushroom-shaped top to direct light downward. Light Direction Downward-facing to softly illuminate pathways, driveways, and garden edges without glare. Height Usually between 12 to 24 inches tall to provide low-level lighting along the ground. Light Source LED is the most common due to energy efficiency and long lifespan; also available in solar-powered models. Material Made from weather-resistant materials such as aluminum, brass, copper, or stainless steel for durability. Power Source Options include low-voltage wired systems, solar-powered, or battery-operated units. Color Temperature Available in warm white (2700K–3000K) for ambiance, or cooler tones for more visibility. Installation Easy to install along walkways with stakes or mounts; low-voltage versions require a transformer. Weather Resistance Designed for outdoor use; typically rated IP65 or higher for water and dust resistance. Applications Used to define paths, increase safety at night, and add aesthetic appeal to landscape designs. Table of Contents What are the Materials Used in Spotlights / Uplights Here are three common materials used in spotlights and uplights: Metal Housings: Aluminium is lightweight and low-cost, best for dry places. It gives 40–50% rust protection. Brass is very strong and doesn’t rust, lasts over 20 years, even in rain or near the sea. Stainless steel is the toughest, which gives up to 90% protection from rust. These metals help the lights stay safe and work well in outdoor areas. Composite or Plastic: These are cost-effective materials that are resistant to heat, rain, and cold. They provide approximately 70 % weather protection, but in the long run,  after 3-5 years, they split and their colour is also damaged. These lights are more functional in a moderate climate. Glass Lenses: The tempered glass is approximately 5 times stronger than normal glass, and it protects the bulb against impact or heat. A frosted lens diffuses the light intensity and lessens the harshness of the light, creating a soft light that does not affect the eyes. These lenses also seal the light fixture, protecting it from dust, water, and insects. What are the Types of Spotlights / Uplights Here are four types of spotlights and uplights: Fixed Spotlights: Fixed spotlights direct light in a certain direction, making them ideal for stationary objects such as walls or statues. They create a steady beam of light, which helps to maintain a clear and sharp focus, improve light control, and reduce energy waste. Adjustable Uplights: These uplights contain pivoting heads that are able to swing up to 180 degrees. The adjustable angle provides a wider coverage and minimises dark spots in the outdoor areas. This is an easy technique to create various shapes such as trees, fences, and signs. In-Ground Uplights: These lights are installed into the ground, and hence the top remains level with the ground. This gives it a clean and modern appearance, with no protruding parts. They are perfect in walkways or driveways because they eliminate falling, and they bear up to 2,000-3,000 lbs of weight; therefore, they are safe even when cars are parked on them. Smart/Colour-Changing Spotlights: These lights employ RGB LEDs, which display over 16 million colours.  The colours correspond to the events. For example, gentle white for tranquil spaces and brilliant red for festivities. Users effortlessly operate them using a phone app or a remote.  These spotlights also reduce energy consumption by 80%, making them both enjoyable and efficient. What are the Light Source Options for Spotlights / Uplights Here are three Light Source Options for spotlights and uplights: LED Spotlights: LED spotlights use up to 80% less energy than old-style bulbs, so they save electricity and lower costs. They stay cool during use, which protects the housing and wires from heat damage. Most LEDs work for 25,000 to 50,000 hours, which means fewer replacements. Their steady, bright light also keeps the spotlight clear and focused over time. Halogen Bulbs: Halogen bulbs produce a warm, mellow light that seems natural on walls and plants.  They consume more energy than LEDs and become extremely hot during usage.  Halogen bulbs need to be replaced often, as their typical life is only 2,000 hours.  Because of the heat, they raise a danger of wire damage or fixture wear if not handled correctly. Solar-Powered: Solar-powered spotlights are powered by sunshine and require no wiring or energy.  They are simple to install and cost-effective. A minimum of 6-8 hours of sunshine is required for full brightness. On cloudy days or in shadowed areas, the lighting remains dim or switches out early at night. How to Choose the Right Spotlights / Uplights Here are six key points to help choose the right spotlights or uplights: Purpose & Focus Area: Before

Path lights are used to illuminate outdoors, like pathways and walkways. These lights are designed with caps that direct the light downward, making it easier to walk on bumpy roads. They are also used to highlight landscapes and create a welcoming look around your garden or home. Path lights are available in a variety of materials, styles, and finishes, which allow owners to choose a lighting unit complementary to their outdoor design. These are powered by solar energy, electricity, or low-voltage systems.  What are the Key Features of Path Lights Feature Description Design Typically low-profile fixtures with a dome, cone, or mushroom-shaped top to direct light downward. Light Direction Downward-facing to softly illuminate pathways, driveways, and garden edges without glare. Height Usually between 12 to 24 inches tall to provide low-level lighting along the ground. Light Source LED is the most common due to energy efficiency and long lifespan; also available in solar-powered models. Material Made from weather-resistant materials such as aluminum, brass, copper, or stainless steel for durability. Power Source Options include low-voltage wired systems, solar-powered, or battery-operated units. Color Temperature Available in warm white (2700K–3000K) for ambiance, or cooler tones for more visibility. Installation Easy to install along walkways with stakes or mounts; low-voltage versions require a transformer. Weather Resistance Designed for outdoor use; typically rated IP65 or higher for water and dust resistance. Applications Used to define paths, increase safety at night, and add aesthetic appeal to landscape designs. Table of Contents What are the Materials Used in Path Lights Here are five materials used in the construction of path lights: Metal: These path lights are designed for outdoor places where visibility is needed. Brass, stainless steel, and aluminum are used in the manufacturing of these path lights. Aluminium and stainless steel (containing chromium) react with oxygen to form an oxide layer that reduces corrosion. In tough weather like a marine environment(high salt and humidity), stainless steel is used, as it prevents pitting and crevice corrosion. Metal lights are durable due to their composition and also offer a lustrous appearance.  Plastic: Polycarbonate (PC) or Polypropylene(PP) is used in the plastic lights manufacturing process. These materials are known for their toughness and resistance to weather conditions. Polycarbonate is UV-resistant, making it suitable for sunlight areas. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is also utilized in the production of plastic path lights. It is known for withstanding shocks and impacts, which makes it suitable for use on uneven or bumpy roads.   Composite: Composite materials are more affordable than stainless steel or plastic materials. Composite materials are prepared from a combination of reinforcing fibers and a polymer matrix. These fibers(typically carbon, glass, or aramid) enhance the strength and stiffness of path lights, which makes them more durable than plastic path lights.  Glass Lenses: These lenses play an important role in directing light, which enhances both aesthetic appeal and functionality of path lights. The hard, rigid structure of glass makes it scratch-resistant. Trivex and polycarbonate used in lenses offer impact resistance and UV protection.  Trivex has a higher Abbe value, which means it provides better visual quality and less chromatic aberration. The curvatures and shape of the lens are adjusted to control the spread of light, according to the desired effect.  Acrylic Lenses: These lenses protect LED light from moisture, dust, and UV. Acrylic lenses are flexible, lighter, and more resistant to impact as compared to glass lenses. But these are more prone to scratches. Acrylic lenses are made from Polymethyl Methacrylate(PMMA).  What are the Types of Path Lights Here are five types of path lights: Traditional Post Lights: These post lights are designed using glass or metal, which offers an aesthetic appeal and weather resistance. Traditional post lights are known for featuring a lantern-style fixture, with a pole, a base, and a decorative finial or top.  Bollard Lights: These are tall, cylindrical fixtures that are designed to provide 360-degree illumination in pathways and walkways. These lights are made up of metal, high-quality plastic, or concrete, which makes them last up to 22 years. Concrete lights are typically used in roadside applications, as they are strong and immovable. Wood is also used to build bollard lights for a more natural look. Flush or In-Ground Lights: In-ground lights are also known as ground lights or well lights. These lights are built with IP67 or IP68-rated housings, which ensure their protection from dust and water. These lights last up to 25,000 or 50,000 hours. Flush lights are surface-mounted, but still, these are flat and nearly flush with the ground. These lights last up to 20-45 years in normal weather conditions.  LED Path Lights: The LED path lights are energy-efficient and used to direct foot traffic and inhibit tripping hazards on walkways and pathways. Their life span is 30,000 to 50,000 hours or more. These LEDs operate on a lower voltage, typically 12V, which gives free rein to install them. Smart Path Lights: People are able to integrate the lights with automation systems to control them using an app or voice(like Alexa, Google Assistant, or Siri). These lights contain programmable schedules, sunset/sunrise automation, and color-turning options, or a sense of motion. Wifi, Bluetooth, or Zigbee protocols are used to operate these lights, which allow real-time adjustments without manual switches.  What are the Power Source Options for Path Lights Here are the three power source options for path lights: Solar Powered: These rely on photovoltaic cells, which absorb sunlight in the day and power LEDs at night. Solar-powered light installation is smooth; no wiring is required, and they are known for their eco-friendliness. These are more valuable in remote areas where there is no electrical access. Their performance decreases in cloudy or rainy environments.   Low-Voltage Wired: A transformer is used to run these low-voltage lights of about 12V. These are stable and offer long-term, consistent brightness. A proper cabling network is required fr their installation, but these lights are preferred for permanent landscapes.  Battery Operated: The battery-operated lights are easy to install, but are useful for