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Security lighting systems are designed to increase visibility and deter intruders at night with the illumination of vulnerable areas. They reduce blind spots, improve safety, and support surveillance systems. These lights are integrated with sensors that activate automatically with the detection of movement. Security lights discourage intruders by making them feel they are exposed or likely to be caught. The motion detectors conserve energy by providing target illumination, unlike traditional lighting systems, which require manual on/off. Security lights need to be placed strategically, at walkways, entry points, or other vulnerable areas, to remove dark spaces. Integration of security lights with surveillance cameras or alarm systems enhances overall safety. Floodlights, spotlights, motion sensor lights, LED lights, or low-pressure sodium vapour lights are examples of security lighting.
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What Are the Common Types of Security Lighting?
The following five are the common types of security lighting:
- Floodlights: These are named due to their broad beam of light, which covers wide outdoor areas. They enhance the aesthetics and security of the area with visibility improvement in dark areas. Floodlights play a crucial role in surveillance footage, which helps to identify and apprehend criminals. Strategic alignment of floodlights acts as a visual deterrent. LED floodlights are more durable and energy-saving than traditional incandescent bulbs. Aluminium or metal floodlights are resistant to corrosion and rust, which makes them a practical choice for outdoor use. So, these lights are a long-term, cost-effective source of security.
- Motion-Activated Lights: These fixtures turn on when they detect any motion. They utilize modern sensors like ultrasonic, PIR, or microwave to enhance security by deterring potential intruders with sudden illumination. Motion-activated lights also detect a change in the environment, like sound waves(ultrasonic), heat(PIR), or microwave reflections. The ultrasonic and PIR sensors are combined to reduce false alarms, enhancing security. These lights are used at garages, walkways, or doors to identify potential threats. Motion-activated lights are integrated with cameras to trigger recordings of false activities.
- Dusk-to-Dawn Lights: The dusk-to-dawn lights utilize a photocell sensor to detect a change in ambient lighting. They automatically turn on at sunset and turn off at sunrise, reducing the hassle of switching on and off. The photocell detects a change in ambient lighting level and ensures safety and visibility throughout the night. Well-lit areas make it difficult for vandals and potential burglars to operate unseen. The consistent source of lighting makes people comfortable and confident about their security. It also reduces the risk of accidents and tripping hazards.
- Spotlights: They provide a focused beam of light(with intensity 700-1300 lumens), mostly used for illuminating entry points, gates, or dark corners. When combined with a motion sensor, they startle intruders by sudden illumination and also alert homeowners to potential threats. The focused lights improve visibility and make it easier for surveillance cameras to capture anything. An adjustable spotlight gives a free hand to rotate the light at each corner. Pedestrian entrances or parking lots require 0.2 to 0.5 fc(foot-candle) and a uniformity ratio of 5:1 between brightest and darkest spots. This ensures rough safety and glare. Modern spotlights are integrated with smart systems, which allow a user to control the intensity of light, enhancing convenience.
- Wall Packs and Garage Lights: These lights are typically mounted on structures or walls for perimeter and garage security. They also reduce the risk of accidents by lighting up obstacles or hazards in low-light conditions and enhance security camera footage quality.
How to Choose the Right Security Lighting?
Check for these five qualities to choose the right security lighting:
- Brightness Level (Lumens): Consider the size of the area and the desired level of illumination while selecting lumens. A range of 700–2000 lumens is recommended for general security. A large area requires 2000 to 3000 lumens for proper illumination. The brightness level also depends upon the ceiling height, the room’s color preference, and individual preferences. For example, darker colors absorb more light, requiring higher lumen counts.
- Color Temperature: Cooler color temperatures, typically around 4000K–6000K, offer clear and sharp visibility. White light makes it easier to detect movement for security purposes. This light makes the intruders feel more visible and exposed. Cooler color temperature ensures that the surveillance cameras capture high-quality footage even in low light.
- Sensor Sensitivity and Range: Choose motion lights with adjustable range and timing settings. It allows customization of the fixtures to minimize false alarms. Motion sensors usually range between 20 and 70 feet. Larger areas require a greater range, while for smaller areas, a shorter range is sufficient. A lower sensitivity activity is preferred for the areas with frequent animal activities. The height of the light from its surface also affects the sensor range and its sensitivity.
- Energy Efficiency: LED fixtures are preferred for longer lifespan and reduced energy costs. The low energy consumption contributes to reduced carbon emissions. Solar-powered LED lights are recommended due to reduced heat output compared to traditional bulbs.
- Smart Integration: Consider lights that connect to home security apps or systems. This integration allows a user to control the light automatically, and it also sends a notification of any suspicious activity. Set your lights on schedules so they turn on and off at specific times or in response to events like motion detection.
How to Install Security Lighting?
Follow the following six steps to install a security light:
- Conduct a Security Audit: Identify potential hiding spots, dark areas, and vulnerable zones. This helps to divide which area needs additional lighting.
- Choose Mounting Heights: Install the lights high enough to avoid tampering and but still positioned to spread light evenly across the target area. This maximizes both safety and coverage.
- Use Weatherproof Fixtures: Choose an IP65+ rated fixture to ensure it handle rain, dust, and extreme weather without losing performance or safety.
- Angle Lights: Install fixtures carefully to light up the intended area without creating harsh glare or spilling light into the neighbor’s property. It leads to environmental pollution or complaints.
- Connect to Sensors or Timers: Motion sensors and timers operate lights only when needed, which saves energy while keeping security consistent.
- Consult a Professional if Needed: A licensed electrician ensures everything is installed safely and works as intended for hardwired or complex layouts.
How to Maintain Security Lighting?
Clean the fixtures regularly to remove the dust, cobwebs, or dirt that reduces brightness. Inspect LEDs or bulbs for dimming or burnout to replace a damaged one immediately to avoid creating dark spots. Check wiring occasionally, especially for outdoor fixtures, to ensure that they haven’t been damaged by pets, weather, or wear and tear. Test sensors and timers to ensure that motion detection, dusk-to-dawn functions, and scheduled lighting are working smoothly. Reposition the light in case of a landscape setting change or new structures installation. Perform an annual security audit to ensure that vulnerable areas are well-lit, or consider upgrading the system to smart lighting for better control and reduced operating costs.
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