Task Lighting: Purpose, Types, and Installation Guide

What are Common Types of Task Lighting?

There are five common types of task lighting:

1. Desk Lamps: The portability and adjustability of desk lamps make them a suitable choice for tasks. Aluminium and steel are used in these lamps for strength and durability. Wood desk lamps provide a rustic, elegant look. Unlike incandescent bulbs, which convert 10 joules of electricity into light and 90 Joules into heat, desk lamps (CFLs or LEDs) convert 75%-95% of electricity into light. This feature makes them highly energy efficient. 
2. Under-Cabinet Lights: These fixtures are used to illuminate kitchens or bathroom vanities. They are installed directly under the cabinet to direct lights into specific tasks, like cooking or crafting. Under-cabinet lights also enhance the ambient lighting, making an area inviting and more spacious. The cooler color temperatures around 4000K to 5000K or above are used to perform specific tasks, while warmer color temperatures around 2700K to 3000K are used for ambient lighting. 
3. Pendant Lights: These fixtures hang over reading nooks or kitchen islands to enhance working at a desk. They are designed to shed light downward, to perform tasks like food preparation or reading. A strategically placed pendant lighting increases focus and productivity by ensuring minimal shadows and clear visibility. Concrete is widely used in pendant lighting due to its strength(3000-4000 psi) and durability(50-100 years). It is resistant to wear and tear, rust, corrosion, and extreme temperatures. 
4. Track Lighting: A Track lighting system consists of an adjustable track head and a rail with an electrical cord. They typically consist of copper conductors or aluminium tracks. Modern track systems contain an iron sheet within the track, which facilitates magnetic attachment of lights. The copper conductors carry the electrical current to the fixture head. 
5. Vanity Lights: These lights are installed around bathrooms to perform grooming activities like makeup or shaving. Vanity lights do not aim to illuminate the whole area but offer focused light for detailed work. They are mostly mounted on either side of the mirror or above the mirrors, as bath bars or sconces. PVC, stainless steel, or sealed wood material is preferred for vanity materials due to their moisture-resistant property. These materials withstand humid environments and potential splashes without deteriorating. 

How to Choose the Right Task Lighting?

Follow these four steps to choose the right task lighting:

1. Consider Task Type: It’s crucial to consider the specific activity for which the light is used, as various tasks require varying illumination levels. For example, reading requires warm and soft light to minimize glare, while computer works require adjustable lighting to reduce glare on screens. Desk or lamp lights are preferred for adjustable lighting effects, while pendant lights are used for reading or cooking.
2. Light Brightness: Prefer 400-800 lumens for reading or working at a desk. The specific amount of brightness depends on the complexity of tasks and the area of illumination. A higher lumen output, up to 1000, is required for more intricate tasks. While working on the computer, change the light direction to reduce glare on the screen. 
3. Adjustable Fixtures: Adjustable fixtures make the task more focused. Consider selecting swivel or flexible arms for the repositioning of the lights. This includes directional adjustment, brightness adjustment, and color temperature adjustments. Recessed lights are also adjustable to direct the light towards the required area.
4. Right Color Temperature: Consider using cool white color temperatures (around 4000K–5000K) for focus-heavy work at the workstation or offices. Neutral color temperature (around 3500K to 5000K) is used for daily routine tasks. Warmer tones(3000K-3500K) are used for bathrooms and kitchens. Prefer using a dimmer for energy efficiency.

How to Install Task Lighting?

The installation of task lighting involves the following six steps:

1. Plan Placement: Identify the specific area for installation to select the type of fixture. Plan the placement whether above or side the task area. Collect tools and materials like mounting hardware, wiring, or connectors. 
2. Use Plug-In or Hardwired Options: A plug-in power source is an ideal choice for portability, while a hardwired option is preferred for high performance. Solar-powered fixtures run 8-10 hours and are not recommended for constant lighting. Smart-interated fixtures allow users to control the activity using an app or voice assistant like Google Assistant or Alexa. 
3. Install Dimmers or Switches: Dimmers are used to control the brightness level according to the task’s needs. These are also recommended due to their high energy efficiency. Dimmers also extend the lifespan of the fixture.
4. Ensure Proper Height: Always set the lamps or fixtures at eye level to avoid glare. Place the desk lamps 15-20 inches above the desk surface. Pendant lights are placed 30-36 inches above the surface to ensure focused illumination for food preparation and workspace. 
5. Choose Adjustable Fixtures: Prefer using swivel or gooseneck designs for flexible focus. For example, shifting the light direction while working on a screen to reduce glare. Intricate tasks require focused light on a specific area, and adjustable fixtures aid in it. These fixtures also contribute to better posture and minimize the risk of musculoskeletal aches and pains.
6. Hire a Professional: Consider hiring an electrician to ensure aesthetic placement of lights for both residential and commercial spaces. They place wiring efficiently and ensure all work meets electrical code. 

How to Maintain Task Lighting?

Regularly clean the fixtures by dusting lampshades and light covers for optimal brightness and performance. In case of damage, replace bulbs promptly to ensure continuous performance. Prefer using LED lights, as they are longer-lasting and energy-saving than traditional lights. Inspect wiring occasionally to minimize short circuits, or hire a professional in case of sparks. Check cords and switches periodically to ensure there’s no damage and everything functions safely.